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About Spartan Roots

I am of Greek ancestry with roots in villages near Sparta. My paternal grandparents and maternal grandfather were born in Agios Ioannis (St. Johns), and my maternal grandmother was born in Mystras. I love family history research and have been tracing my roots for many years. I was born in Brooklyn, New York and was raised in a predominantly Greek neighborhood close to extended family. I live in the Washington D.C. metropolitan area and work as a volunteer Co-Director of the Washington, D.C. Family History Center and a genealogy aide/project aide at the National Archives in Washington, D.C. I am always updating and adding new information. Please contact me - I would love to hear from you!

The Smells of Parcels from America

written and translated by Stratis A. Solomos
published in The Faris Newsletter, Issue 77, December 2022, page 6

During the 1950s and early 1960s, immigrants to America and Canada wanted to help Greece, which was poor at the time. They sent, especially to their relatives, parcels containing various useful items, generally clothes. It is not certain whether this aid was essential to the then rapidly economically developing petty-bourgeois society, but it was certainly welcomed by the poorest. These parcels mainly contained clothes and objects that had new and rather pleasant smells.

The strongest smell was that of clothes. The explanation for most was that they had been disinfected, which reassured those who feared germs. But the reality was that this smell was due to the synthetic fragrance of modern detergent powders, which had been used to wash them. They were still unknown in Greece. They did not arrive until the end of the 1950s. The first and most widespread was the American Tide. Along with this powdered “soap” also came the American “soap-opera,” a long-running sentimental radio and later TV series. The first such Greek soap opera was “Πικρή μικρή μου αγάπη” (My Bitter Little Love), the endless sentimental story of Alexis and Vana, played by Stefanos Linaios and Elli Fotiou.

The parcels were usually sent by relatives. In addition to clothing, they also contained other items, often unknown in the villages. Chewing gum with new flavors and aromas. Toothpastes which it is said that some people, who did not know their use, tried to eat!

My father and teacher Alexander Solomos, who also did educational research, received beautifully bound American elementary school books. With these books, he taught me my first English lessons. These books also had a particular smell, which has since remained an indelible and pleasant memory. I don’t know what caused that smell, perhaps the binding glue used. I rediscovered this smell in my teenage years when I frequented the American Library of Athens and later read American science books.

Sometimes there were also more valuable items like watches, which after consultation were carefully hidden in certain pockets, but most of the contents were clothes of all kinds. Taffeta ball gowns and hats for women. Suits for men. Colorful Hawaiian shirts and plaid pants. Belts with large cowboy buckles. Jackets that featured monstrous comic book characters on the back. With the exception of a few young people from the big cities, American fashion had not yet reached the conservative Greek society of these times. Few dared to wear them, except perhaps during Carnival. T-shirts with visible inscriptions and brands were only seen in the cinema. So it was very funny to see a Greek peasant picking olives wearing a Harvard University t-shirt.

The skillful seamstresses and several equally competent housewives did wonders to transform the eccentric American gowns into dresses compatible with the European fashions of the time propagated by the women’s magazines Ρομάντζο (Romance), Θησαυρός (Treasure) and Γυναίκα (Woman) . The men’s suits, those whose fabric was not too colorful, were transformed by our local Xirokambi tailor Charalambos Arabatzidis. These clothes weren’t worn very much. They were often new. But they were still deliberately wrinkled and a few buttons were removed to make them look second-hand. It seems that there were special customs exemptions for these aid parcels with used clothes. Later, when American jeans, jackets and cowboy boots became fashionable, some shrewd traders devised the ploy of passing off imported goods as packages of “gifts from America’s uncle “.

___

I (Carol Kostakos Petranek) am honored to receive permission from the Katsoulakos family to translate and share articles from The Faris. Translation verification and corrections have been made by GreekAncestry.net. This is the twelfth article of the ongoing series. Previous articles can be viewed here.

Beyond the Basics: 1821 Aristeia Online Archive

The Revolution of 1821, or the Greek War of Independence1, ended 400 years of Ottoman rule and launched the democratic modern Greek state. Although there is not an exact count of the number of men who participated, we do know that the revolutionaries were organized into militias and guerilla groups which were organized at the local level.

Those who fought came from all areas of Greece. They were shepherds and farmers, businessmen and professional men from all walks of life. These men were our ancestors. This book by Kostas M. Pitsiou is one example of an author’s attempt to document the fighters from Lakonia. It was published in Athens in 1971; most likely it can be found in Greece at libraries or bookstores that carry out-of-print books.

Fighters who exhibited excellence in service were elible to receive an award (see this post for details). There were three levels:
1st:  silver medal  — αργυρό μετάλιο
2nd:  bronze  medal —  χάλκινο μετάλιο
3rd:  iron medal  — σιδήρου μετάλλιο

The names of men who received an Aristeia Award for their service are preserved in many thousands of files held by the Greek government in Archives and the National Library. It is a daunting task for researchers to access these files and categorize their holdings. However, there is an online database with some Aristeia Award files that have been digitized. This database can be accessed at: https://1821.digitalarchive.gr/archive.2

A step-by-step guide on searching this 1821 Digital Archive follows.

  • Go to the website: https://1821.digitalarchive.gr/archive.
  • On the left side of the page, click on “Advanced Search.”
  • Check the box, “Documents,” and uncheck the boxes for Art, Songs, Books.
  • In the search box, type a surname in Greek. NOTE: The name must be spelled correctly or the search will yield no results. Example: the surname of Gritis–if spelled Γρίτις, there are no matches. It must have the correct spelling of Γρίτης.
  • Click on the magnifying glass icon to start the search.
  • If there is a result, the name will be in red on the right side.
For the surname Gritis, there is one result, for an Ioannis Gritis.
  • Click on the name in red to open the file.
Record of Ioannis Gritis includes digital copies of the file and a description.
  • Use an onlineTranslate extension to copy the description in English (I have Google Translate installed as a browser extension; I also use DeepL).
  • Look carefully at the description. A synopsis of the file is at the top. Towards the bottom, you will see the word “Place”. This is critically important, as it gives the residence of the fighter so you can correctly identify if this person is the one of interest.
  • The very last line of the description gives a URL. This is the URL to this exact page. For Ioannis Gritis, the URL is: https://1821.digitalarchive.gr/archive/show/node/7580. Be sure to capture this in your notes.
The file for Ioannis Gritis, translated using Google Translate extension. Note the Description and the Place.
  • In a search on the surname of Zarafonitis / Ζαραφωνίτης, there are three results. I cannot assume that all three are people of interest to me. I must pull up each file and read the Description, then look at the Place, to determine if any of these are from my area.
Zarafonitis – 3 results: are any of them mine?
Anastasios Zarafonitis is from Hydra – no
Georgios Dimitrios Zarafonitis is from Sklavochori (Amykes) – this is mine!
Zacharias Dim. Zarafonitis or Kalogeropoulos is from Kranidi – no
  • SEARCH BY VILLAGE: Another option in the “search” box is to type the name of a village, not a surname. If there are files for people from that village, they will appear in the results.
The village of Αγιος Ιωαννης is typed in the search box; results are in red on the right

When you find a file of interest, you must download the images. The URL at the top of the page will not take you back to this exact page.

In summary:

  • The files on this website are strictly for men who received an Aristeia Award. Not everyone who fought received an award.
  • Only some files are digitized. If you do not find a name, do not assume the person does not have a file.
  • Files can be accessed at the National Library, but you must have a researcher’s card and make an appointment to view the files. You must know the exact name and file number of the revolutionary to access his paper file.
  • Remember to download all images. Translate and copy the Description and keep it in the folder with your images.
  • If you know that a revolutionary received an Aristeia Award, keep checking the website. Hopefully the file you are seeking will eventually be digitized.


1Wikipedia, Greek War of Independence. An online search yields hundreds of articles and books on this subject.
2Many thanks to Gregory Kontos of Greek Ancestry for finding and sharing this link.

A Chance(?) Encounter in Lagia

What are the chances that a document which reveals an abstract branch of your family is given to you by a stranger? That’s exactly what happened to me on my recent journey to visit the ghost town of Vathia.

There is only one road that connects Sparta with Mani. Much of it follows the seaside of the Laconian Gulf, traversing through quaint villages and along scenic coastlines.This was the only way for me to reach my destination.

I stayed overnight in a lovely renovated tower house in Kokkala. The sea view was spectacular and the architecture and history of the towers always captivate me. This was the perfect place to stop on this journey, to rest and to soak in the beauty of Mani.

Charming Kokkala

The next morning, I hit the road and with my sights set on Vathia. No stops were planned, and no side trips were considered. My focus was to spend as much time as possible in the ghost village, then return that night to Sparta. But along the way, I got sidetracked. About 1/2 hour south of Kokkala, I rounded a corner and there appeared a charming tower village nestled in the mountains. Lagia.

Approaching Lagia

I hopped out to take photos, thinking that I would just breeze through the village and keep going. But when the road led into the plateia, there was something about the village that enticed me to stop. I parked the car and started walking.

Views from the plateia of Lagia

The streets were deserted and the quiet of the village exuded a sense of tranquility. The imposing stone houses were of traditional Maniate style.

As is customary, the church, Koimisi tis Theotokou, was situated adjacent to the plateia. I went inside.

Koimisi tis Theotokou Church on the plateia
Church interior. I lit a candle for my ancestors (lower right)

My heart was touched when I read a sign that was posted on the small icon stand situated at the entrance. It read:

Welcome to the Holy Temple of our village “Lagia.”
Look around you and visualize freely the hard efforts of our ancestors,
within a rough place with different values, principles and under adverse conditions,
who managed to complete the construction of this gorgeous Church.
This Temple was constructed before 200 years with the full participation of the local men and women, with building materials gathered from the surrounding mountains of the village and carried on their backs and shoulders.
It was built with main purpose the reconciliation and peace between the families of the village, as during that period of time confrontations, conflicts, frictions, disputes, and vendettas dominated the area.
It replaced and gathered under its protection all the local family churches, at about 30 small and picturesque, which were scattered all around between alleys, traditional towers and fields.
Support warmly the effort for the continuation, conservation, preservation, improvement and progression of this harbour of Love, Hope and Faith.

I became emotional, and I still don’t know why these words penetrated so deeply into my soul. Was it was the message of reconciliation and the fervent desire for peace? Was it the unity of 30 disparate church communities? Was it the sacrifices and the physical toil of the people to build this temple? Whatever it was, I was transfixed by Lagia.

Cafenion, at the plateia

I was not ready to leave the village. As I walked around the plateia, I noticed three men sitting at a table at the cafenion. Normally I don’t start conversations with strangers, but something prompted me to do so this time. I said, in my very broken Greek, “You live in a beautiful village.” Their faces lit up, and the questions came: What is your name? Are you Greek? Where are your people from? When I told them that my family was from Sparta, the discussion grew quite animated. They asked for my surnames and as I responded, they commented on each one.

Kostakos? That name is found farther south, in Pakia (I knew that, but it’s a different family with the same patronymic surname).
Papagiannakos? Not in this village.
Eftaxias? That is an old family name found here.

That stopped me. I recalled that some years ago, my Eftaxias cousin in Mystras mentioned that there was a branch of the family in Lagia. Was it true? As my mind debated a possible connection, one of the men said, “We have a book inside that you should see.” He disappeared, then returned and handed me a spiral bound notebook.

The Male Register (Μιτώον Αρρένον) of Lagia, 1839-1888

I couldn’t believe what I was holding. It was the Male Register of Lagia, a list of every man born in the village during the years 1839-1888. I was given permission to photograph it, and I have made it available in a pdf file which can be downloaded here: Male Register of Lagia 1839-1888.

Year 1882, line 124
Eftaxias, Michail, father: Panagiotis, born in Lagia.

My cousin was correct. It was our family that was in this village. There was only one Eftaxias listed; he was found in the year 1882, line 124: Michail Panagiotis Eftaxias born in Lagia.

I am now able to correlate this family with previous but uncorrelated information found: Michalis Eftaxias from Lagia fought in the Revolution of 1821. He had a son named Vrettos, and Vrettos had two sons: Michalis (born 1826) and Panagiotis (born in 1832).1 Panagiotis, named above as the father of Michail, was the right age to be the son of Vrettos. With only one Eftaxias in the village, it had to be the same family. When I returned to Sparta, the Archive office gave me the Town Register for Eftaxias in Lagia which further documented this line.

I know that serendipitous things happen when you travel to the land of your ancestors and follow your instincts. Yet, whenever they do, I marvel that people are prompted to be in certain places, at certain times, to fulfill certain reasons. It is my hope that chance encounters, such as this, will also happen to you.


11875 Election Register of Lagia

Papagiannakos School of Agios Ioannis, Sparta

Spartiatika News, November 6, 1957

IN THE PRESENCE OF THE MINISTER MR. DAVAKIS AND OTHER DIGNITARIES, THE INAUGURATION OF THE MAGNIFICENT PAPAGIANNAKOU SCHOOL IN AGIOS IOANNIS SPARTIS WAS HELD

(Thank you to Panorea Kostakou of Agios Ioannis, who found this newspaper article)

(Online translation by Carol Kostakos Petranek. Please excuse errors)

On the afternoon of last Sunday the inauguration of the newly built magnificent Papagiannakos School was solemnly held in Agios Ioannis of Sparta, erected with the help of the chosen son of the town and benefactor Mr. Dim. Papagiannakos, an expatriate in America.

In attendance at this glorious ceremony were the Minister of National Defense Mr. Dim. Davakis, the Governor of Laconia Mr. Chr. Kitsidis, councilmen of Lakonia Messrs. G. Roumanis and N.P. Varvitsiotis, the Inspector of Elementary Education of Lacedaemon Mr. Sot. Iliopoulos, the Senior Director of the Peloponnese, the Director of the K.E.E.M., the Director of Sparta, the Mayor of Sparta, the high school students of Sparta and many other guests as well as the residents of Agios Ioannis.

At the beginning, holy water was administered inside the school by the Reverend Agathaggelou Ivyritou and the priest Panos. Ierotheou Kyriazopoulou.

Subsequently, a student of the Agios Ioannis Primary School offered a bouquet of flowers to Mr. Papagiannakos and expressed the gratitude of his classmates.

Then they spoke in turn, extolling the importance of the work and the patriotism and philanthropy of Mr. Papagiannakos. Afterwards, the Principal of the School, Mr. Apost. Lerikos, the Reverend Mr. Agathaggelos, the Inspector Mr. Sot. Iliopoulos, the Prefect Mr. Kitsidis, the Member of Parliament Mr. N. Varvitsiotis, the Head of the Spartan High School Mr. Pan. Rozakis, the Member of Parliament Mr. Ger. Roumanis and the Minister, Mr. Dim Davakis. Also young students recited poems.

After this the officials left the school and the unveiling of the commemorative plaque on the façade of the church took place.

Then a banquet took place in the halls of the school, with sweets and refreshments being offered.

The artist photographer Mr. Nikos V. Georgiadis was going to film the ceremony, but the bad weather did not allow it.

Postcard of Dedication of the Papagiannakos School; received from Tasos Papagiannakos
The Papagiannakos School, 2023

Visiting the Villages: Theologos and the Zacharakis Reunion

The road leading to Theologos winds around a verdant mountain, filled with thousands of olive trees. “The trees on this mountain belong to the families of the village,” my cousin, Nikos explains. “Years ago [around the early 1900s], just a few families owned all of these trees. Now, every family has an olive grove.” I stared out the car window, looking for a some type of sign or marker to delineate one owner’s property from another. I saw none. So I asked, “How do the families know which trees are theirs?” Nikos smiled. “Every family known how many trees they have, and exactly where they are.”

At one time, there were two olive processing plants in this small village. In recent years when stricter safety regulations were passed, the facilities closed and people now take their harvest to Sparta.

Left: a former oil processing plant in Theologos; upper right: mountainside with the olive groves of Theologos; center: Dimos Οinountos, Theologou; bottom right: stone used in olive press

The homes of the families are constructed of stone, and they are literally built into the mountainside. Houses remain in families for generations. They are beautifully maintained and constantly being updated with modern conveniences. Living on a mountain means that there are steps everywhere, and they are steep! You can’t leave your house, or enter another, without walking up a flight. The village roads are precipitous and narrow, yet people are adept at maneuvering and parking their cars and trucks. The plateia appears to have the only flat surface in the village.

Houses, steps, and the flat plateia

The village priest, “Papa” Panagiotis Kotsos, presides over the church of Agios Ioannis Theologos. It is incredibly beautiful and filled with historic icons. I was honored to be shown several holy relics, too sacred to photograph. It’s amazing that a small village church at the top of a mountain would have such treasures.

The Church of Agios Ioannis Theologos and its priest, “Papa” Panagiotis Kotsos

What I love most about returning to the village is to gather with my cousins of the Zacharakis family. My great-grandmother, Stathoula Zacharakis, was born in Theologos1. As I researched her lineage, I created a family tree which documents the various branches of the family. Whenever I visit, I bring the “updated” Zacharakis tree which is spread out along the benches at the perimeter of the plateia. People add and correct information, and we enjoy an evening of reunion and reminiscing. It has become a joyful tradition.

Checking out the family tree! June 23, 2023
Back left-right: Antonios Karagiannis, Aggelos Sarantakis, Niki Zacharakis Sarantakis, Asimina Zacharakis, Pepi Vartsaki Zacharakis, Nikos Zacharakis, Panagiota Zacharakis. Front left-right: Ioanna Karagiannis, Panagiotis Karagiannis, Argyro Bebetsos, Anthi Karagiannis, Lygeri Zacharakis Zacharakis, Anastasia Kantzioris, Rozi Kritsepis Zacharakis, John Rakis, Carol Kostakos Petranek, Alexandra Rakis, Konstantina Dariotis Zacharakis, Roula Zacharakis, Pavlos Zacharakis, Amalia Iliopoulos Zacharakis

I love these dear people and am so very grateful for their kinship and friendship. Being together in an ancestral village brings a feeling of generational connectedness. Our ancestors walked these streets, built the churches, and gathered in the plateia. Now it is our turn.


1Previous Spartan Roots posts about the Zacharakis family:
Stories from the Village: Theologos
Putting Together the Zacharakis Family Tree
The Zacharakis Family of Theologos
Greece 2017. Part Six: Theologos
Ioannis Zacharakis, Hero from Theologos